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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants, which are the most commonly prescribed medication for ADHD, appear to balance brain chemicals and increase their levels. They are not able to cure the disorder and only manage symptoms if used regularly. The adverse effects of ADHD medication may include changes in blood pressure and heart rate and stomach upset anxiety and tics. Some children and teenagers who take stimulant medications have a slight decrease in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nervous stimulant is the most well-known medication used to treat ADHD. It comes in a variety forms including liquid, chewable tablet and a long-acting disintegrating orally disintegrating tablet and an extended-release pill. The drug works by increasing the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which helps to increase focus. It may also reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methylphenidate is a proven treatment for ADHD in conjunction with other treatments, like behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate works by blocking the transporters that are normally responsible for removing these neurotransmitters from the brain. The drug may cause an increase in heart rate or blood pressure. It may also trigger a rapid change in blood sugar levels, so diabetics should be cautious when taking this medication. If you experience any of these side effects, talk to your physician. Methylphenidate is also known to cause Raynaud's phenomenon which causes numbness in the feet and fingers. This is an uncommon side effect, but it is important to tell your doctor if you are experiencing these symptoms. There is a concerns that methylphenidate may slow children's growth, but this has not been proven to be the situation. If your child is taking methylphenidate, ensure that you keep an eye on their weight and height. If your child is taking chewable tablets containing methylphenidate, it contains phenylalanine, which is a risk for children with the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). Ask your doctor about a different methylphenidate formula in case you suffer from PKU. Stimulants are often considered to be the first choice treatment for ADHD However, some people have trouble with these medications. In these instances, doctors might prescribe another medication that performs similarly. There are also other stimulants, like dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine, in addition to the methylphenidate. These drugs can last longer and are stronger than methylphenidate. They are usually taken at least three times a day However, some people may be able to take them more frequently. Psychological treatments are also available for treating ADHD however they are less likely to be helpful than a stimulant. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine, also known by the brand name Strattera, is a non-stimulant ADHD medication that boosts concentration and decreases hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It's part of a class of medications known as selective norepinephrine receptor inhibitors. It is a stimulant of dopamine and norepinephrine. two chemical messengers that regulate the brain's activity. It is a favorite choice for children and adults who prefer a different kind of medication than stimulants such as Adderall and Vyvanse. It is important to realize that atomoxetine isn't a drug that works instantly. It may take up to six weeks before the effects of this drug are evident. Additionally, you could suffer from side effects like drowsiness, decreased appetite, and stomach upset. For the majority of patients the benefits of taking atomoxetine are greater than the risks. The efficacy of atomoxetine has been confirmed in a multisite double-blind placebo-controlled study involving 297 ADHD patients between the ages of 12 and 18. The participants were randomized to receive atomoxetine, a daily dose of 0.6 mg per kilogram or 1.2 mg/kg, or a placebo for 9 weeks. In both atomoxetine as well as placebo groups, symptoms of depression were less. The atomoxetine treatment group had better improvement in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. The improvement was modest. In a second open study, 10 ADHD patients who did not respond to stimulants received the treatment of atomoxetine for eight weeks. The group treated with atomoxetine showed improved ADHD symptoms when compared to placebo, with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Scale Investigator Version of the screening and the Clinical Global Impression Severity scales gaining significant. However, one patient developed an rash and resigned from the study. Three patients also reported transient gastrointestinal symptoms, and one reported increased fatigue. Before you begin treatment with atomoxetine with your physician about your medical history as well as any other medications or supplements that you are taking. This includes herbal remedies as well as other over-the-counter medicines. It is especially important to inform your doctor if there is narrow-angle glaucoma or a thyroid tumor or adrenal gland tumor, high blood pressure, heart disease, or a history of sudden death. You should stay clear of Atomoxetine in addition to if you've taken an MAO-inhibitor like isocarboxazid or linezolid within the last 14 days, or rasagiline, Methylene Blue Injection, phenelzine, or tranylcypromine. Bupropion Bupropion is a non-stimulant drug that can help improve symptoms of ADHD. It can also reduce impulsivity and boost focus, though it doesn't affect the brain in the same way as stimulants. Only prescriptions are accepted. Your doctor will decide on the best dose for you. Bupropion comes in tablets and extended-release capsules. It is important to follow the prescriptions. You might experience withdrawal symptoms in the event that you stop abruptly. It's usually taken twice or three times daily with 4-6 hours between each dose. The dosage can range from 100mg twice or three times per day up to 150mg three or four time every day. The drug is in the digestive system and excreted in urine. It isn't able to penetrate breast milk. It can, however, be absorbed into the bloodstream and cause harm to other organs. Bupropion may increase blood pressure, so it's vital to monitor it regularly. In addition to helping improve the symptoms of ADHD, bupropion can also reduce depression. It also helps treat bipolar disorder. It is accomplished by blocking dopamine receptors in your brain. This stops the neurotransmitter, dopamine, from reaching your brain. This helps stabilize your mood. Bupropion may interact with other drugs. Inform your doctor if taking any other medications. It's also important to determine whether you suffer from any allergies. You should also avoid caffeine or other stimulants, which could make the adverse effects worse. Numerous studies have compared bupropion with placebos in adults suffering from ADHD. The results of these studies were mixed and most studies were poorly conducted. Additionally, many excluded participants with psychiatric comorbidity. However, the evidence suggests that bupropion may have a small effect on ADHD. Further research is needed to determine positive outcomes for patients, including an improvement in quality of living. Additionally, a more precise understanding of the molecular subtypes of ADHD is needed before effective treatment can be developed. This requires a deeper understanding of the relationship between the different molecular pathways. Moreover, adhd medications uk to understand how different anti-ADHD drugs work with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants When the stimulants prescribed for children with ADHD do not work or cause troublesome side effects, the doctor may look to antidepressants for treatment. These drugs, which include imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), help by increasing the neurotransmitters norepinephrine as well as dopamine in the brain, which help people concentrate. These are older medications which can cause serious adverse reactions, and are usually only used when other drugs have failed. The first choice of antidepressants for depression is usually a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) such as fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram or escitalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants are still used in some cases, despite their long history. They are effective in treating neuropathic pain and other conditions however their antidepressant effect is not the same. They potentiate noradrenephrine by inhibiting its reuptake, and also act as antagonists of pain pathways within the spinal cord. SSRIs are less harmful and have less side effects than tricyclic antidepressants. They are also less harmful during pregnancy and do not appear to be teratogenic to animals or humans. However, they can cause significant withdrawal symptoms if they are stopped abruptly. To minimize these adverse effects, your physician may suggest reducing your dose gradually over a period of time. While not officially approved by the FDA as a medication for adhd, bupropion is a commonly prescribed antidepressant that is off-label for ADHD. It is believed to be effective by increasing neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which increases concentration. It's also known to relieve anxiety, and it can be utilized in conjunction with stimulants to get faster and sustained results. There are no FDA-approved non-stimulant ADHD medication, however many people find relief from dietary supplements and herbal remedies. A diet low on fat and sugar may help reduce ADHD symptoms. Certain people can also benefit by staying clear of caffeine. Discuss with your doctor any medications that you or your child are taking as well as herbal remedies and prescription medications. This will minimize unwanted side effects and prevent interactions. ADHD medications can affect individuals differently. It may take some trial and error to find the right dosage and dose for your child or yourself.